breakdown

A failure of a machine, system, or relationship; a physical or mental collapse; or a detailed analysis and classification of something into its component parts. The last sense, referring to the process or result of an analysis or decomposition, often requires a descriptive phrase in Spanish rather than a single direct equivalent, highlighting a conceptual difference.

• The sudden breakdown of the main computer system caused widespread panic in the office. — The unexpected failure of the central computer system led to alarm.
• After weeks of intense pressure, she suffered a complete mental breakdown. — Following prolonged stress, she experienced a severe mental health crisis.
• The financial report included a detailed breakdown of expenses by department. — The financial document provided an itemized list of costs for each department.

To stop functioning; to separate something into smaller components for analysis; to lose control of one's emotions or physical health. This usage is typically as the phrasal verb break down.

• The old engine is likely to break down if it's not serviced soon. — The aged motor will probably stop working if it isn't maintained.
• Could you break down the project into manageable steps for the new team? — Can you divide the project into easier stages for the new group?
• He started to break down and cry when he heard the tragic news. — He began to lose emotional control and wept upon receiving the sad announcement.