forfeit
From Old French 'forfait' (noun) meaning 'crime, trespass, penalty', past participle of 'forfaire' (verb) 'to transgress, commit (a crime), lose', from Latin 'foris' 'outside' + 'facere' 'to do'.
A 'forfeit' (noun) refers to something that is lost or given up as a penalty or consequence for a wrongdoing, an error, or a failure to meet an obligation. It can be a '罰金' (fine), which is a monetary penalty, or '没収' (confiscation), meaning something is taken away by authority. In contractual situations, it can be an '違約金' (contractual penalty) paid for breach of terms. It can also refer to '喪失物' (a lost item), indicating something that has been lost, though not always directly as a penalty but as a result of circumstances. The core idea is that the loss is a consequence of some action or inaction.
| plural |
|---|
| forfeits |
- He had to pay a forfeit for being late. — 彼は遅刻したため罰金を支払わなければならなかった。
- The contract stipulated a forfeit if terms were not met. — 契約は条件が満たされない場合の違約金を規定していた。
- The ancient game involved forfeits for wrong moves. — その古いゲームでは、間違った手に対するペナルティ（罰則）があった。
To 'forfeit' (verb) means to lose or be deprived of something, typically as a penalty for a fault, offense, or failure to comply with rules or a contract. This can be understood as being '没収される' (confiscated) or '剥奪される' (deprived of) a right or possession. It can also broadly mean to '失う' (lose) something as a direct consequence of an action. In sports, it means to '負ける' (lose) a game or contest by default, often because a team cannot continue or breaks a rule (e.g., too few players, gross misconduct). It can also imply to '権利を放棄する' (waive a right) or '手放す' (let go of something), sometimes due to necessity or circumstances, rather than a conscious choice to give it up.
| past_participle | past_tense | present_participle | third_person_singular_present |
|---|---|---|---|
| forfeited | forfeited | forfeiting | forfeits |
- If you don't pay on time, you forfeit your right to the property. — 期限内に支払わなければ、その不動産に対するあなたの権利を失うでしょう。
- The team had to forfeit the game due to too many fouls. — チームはファウルが多すぎたため、試合を没収された（不戦敗となった）。
- He forfeited his deposit when he cancelled the reservation late. — 予約を遅れてキャンセルしたため、彼は手付金を没収された。
As an adjective, 'forfeit' describes something that has been lost, confiscated, or given up as a penalty or consequence. It functions similarly to a past participle. It means something that has been '没収された' (confiscated), '剥奪された' (deprived of), or '失われた' (lost) due to a rule violation or failure to fulfill an obligation.
- The forfeit goods were auctioned off. — 没収された品物は競売にかけられた。
- He stared at the forfeit prize, knowing he had lost his chance. — 彼は没収された賞品を見つめ、チャンスを失ったことを知っていた。