without
From Middle English 'withoute', combining 'with' and 'out'.
ADP
(1)
[/wɪˈðaʊt/en-US]
lacking
neutral
/
devoid of
formal
/
absent
neutral
/
absence of
neutral
/
untranslatable concept
untranslatable
(The term 'without' conveys a broader concept that does not have a single-word equivalent in all contexts.)
The preposition without is used to indicate the absence of something or someone. It conveys the idea of lacking or not having something present. This term can be applied in various contexts, though it encapsulates a broader meaning that does not always translate directly into other languages. For instance, in some cases, it signifies a lack that transcends mere physical absence, such as emotional or metaphorical implications. The complexity of this word arises from its versatility in shifting between literal and abstract usages.
- She completed the project without any assistance. — 彼女は助けを なさず プロジェクトを完成させました。
- He felt incomplete without his favorite book. — 彼はお気に入りの本が なかった ために不完全に感じました。
- This recipe cannot be made without eggs. — このレシピは卵が 必要 です。
register: formal
