espíritu

The non-physical part of a living being, often considered the seat of emotions, character, or soul. It can also denote the essential quality or mood of something, or a supernatural entity, like a ghost.

• El espíritu humano es indomable ante la adversidad. — The human spirit is indomitable in the face of adversity.
• El espíritu navideño ya se siente en las calles. — The Christmas spirit is already felt in the streets.
• Cuentan que un espíritu se aparece en el viejo molino. — They say that a ghost appears in the old mill.

Although primarily a noun, `espíritu` can describe qualities akin to English adjectives like spirited, dynamic, or vivacious, especially when used in phrases or contexts to convey that someone or something is full of life, energy, or enthusiasm. It refers to an energetic or lively character or atmosphere. Grammatically, `espíritu` remains a noun in Spanish, but its meaning in such contexts conveys an adjectival quality.

• Es una persona de gran espíritu y siempre optimista. — She is a person of great spirit and always optimistic (meaning spirited).
• El equipo jugó con mucho espíritu hasta el final del partido. — The team played with a lot of spirit until the end of the match (meaning spirited/dynamic).
• La ciudad tiene un espíritu joven y vibrante. — The city has a youthful and vibrant spirit (meaning dynamic/vivacious).