per

From Latin 'per', meaning 'through' or 'by'.

ADP (1)
[/pɜːr/en-US]
によって formalprepositional / を通じて formalprepositional
Synonyms by formalprepositional , through formalprepositional

Used to mean 'according to' or 'by means of', often in formal or business contexts, referring to an instruction, document, or method.

  • The manager approved the request per company policy. — This means 'according to company policy'.
  • Your order will be shipped per ground delivery. — This means 'by means of ground delivery'.
register: formal
ADV (1)
[/pɜːr/en-US]
それぞれ / 各々に / ごとに / untranslatable untranslatable (The concept of 'per' as a divisor or rate doesn't have a direct single word equivalent in JAPANESE, thus it is contextual.)
Synonyms each , for each

Used to indicate a rate, cost, or amount for each unit, signifying 'for each' or 'every'. This concept, especially when used in calculations or rates, does not have a single direct equivalent in JAPANESE; instead, it is often expressed contextually using phrases like 'ごとに' (for each) or 'につき' (per/for each, regarding), or implied by the sentence structure.

  • The speed limit on this road is 100 kilometers per hour. — This means 100 kilometers for each hour.
  • Tickets for the concert cost $50 per person. — This means $50 for each person.
  • We can process approximately 20 orders per day. — This means 20 orders for each day.